Examples

__**Archetypal Characters:**__  Golding’s //Lord of the Flies// is a symbolic and complex novel. The purpose of this novel is to portray the civilized and primitive characteristics that mankind posses. The purpose is achieved through the use of archetypal characterization which gives a description of the different sides of human nature (also serves to portray conflict between the journey of man towards civilization). 
 * The Hero (protagonist): The courageous individual who is always saving the day (a warrior, a lover, transcendent, apocalyptic, super-heroic).
 * The Villain (antagonist): An evil character.
 * The Outcast: someone who has left, or has been cast out of society (usually considered a Christ-like figure).
 * The Mentor: An older, wise teacher who serves as the parental figure. Provides the hero with gifts (weapons, information.
 * The Star-crossed Lovers: usually a young couple that is joined by love, yet separated by fate.

**__Simon is the outcast (the christ-like figure):__** - “He walked with an accustomed tread through the acres of fruit trees, where the least energetic could find an easy if unsatisfying meal. Flower and fruit grew together on the same tree and everywhere was the scent of ripeness and the booming of million bees at pasture. Here the littluns who had run after him caught up with him. They talked, cried out unintelligibly, lugged him toward the trees. Then, amid the roar of bees in the afternoon sunlight, Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach, pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands. When he had satisfied them he paused and looked round. The littluns watched him inscrutably over double handfuls of ripe fruit. Simon turned away from them and went where the just perceptible path led him. Soon high jungle closed in.”. “He came at last to a place where more sunshine fell.”... “Then he bent down and wormed his way into the center of the mat.” ... “When he was secure in the middle he was in a little cabin screened off from the open space by a few leaves.” ... “Holding his breath he cocked a critical ear at the sounds of he island.” (Golding V, 89).  - “Simon’s head was tilted slightly up. His eyes could not break away and the Lord of the Flies hung in space before him. [What are you doing out here all alone? Aren’t you afraid of me?] Simon shook. [There isn’t anyone to help you. Only me. And I’m the beast.] Simon’s mouth labored, brought forth audible words. [Pig’s head on a stick.] [Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could haunt and kill!] said the head. For a moment or two the forest and the other dimly appreciated places echoed with the parody of laughter. [You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you? Close, close, close! I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are what they are?] The laughter shivered again. [Come now,] said the Lord of the Flies. [Get back to the others and we’ll forget the whole thing] Simon’s head wobbled. His eyes were half closed as though he were imitating the obscene thing on the stick. He knew that one of his times was coming. The lord of the Flies expanded as a balloon. [This is ridiculous. You know perfectly well you’ll only meet me down there - so don’t try to escape]. (Golding VII, 143).

- “The usual brightness was gone from his eyes and he walked with a sort of glum determination like an old man. A buffet of wind made him stagger and he saw that he was out in the open, on rock under a brassy sky.”... “He pushed himself forward and the wind came again, stronger now, cuffing the forest heads till they ducked and roared. Simon saw a humped thing suddenly sit up on the top and look down at him. he hid his face, and toiled on. The flies had found the figure too. The life-like movement would scare them off for a moment so that they made a dark cloud round the head.” ... “He crawled forward and soon he understood. The tangle of lines showed him the mechanics of this parody; he examined the white nasal nones, the teeth, the colors of corruption.” ... “As Simon thought this, he turned to the poor broken thing that sat sinking by his side. The beast was harmless and horrible; and the news must reach the others as soon as possible.” (Golding IIIV, 146).  In //Lord of the Flies//, Simon serves as the christ-like figure because he represents a human goodness that is connected with nature. Nature within the novel serves as a sanctuary for him away from the other boys (in this case society) is given a garden of eden state. Unlike some of the other boys, Simon shows morality because he believes in it not out of guilt. His goodness is apparent when he behaves kindly toward’s the littluns. He becomes the first to realize that the beast does not exist, but is rather the savagery that deep within human impulse. He discovery later leads him to his destruction because once the road to civilization is paved the dark side of human nature steps in. His discovery portrays the primitive characteristics of mankind because it shows that there is an inherent evil within everyone. Simon brings a contrasting ideal because he is the essential human goodness which portrays civilized characterization. His murder shows that savagery comes between man's journey towards civilization.

**__Archetypal Situations:__**  - Composed of 5 stages: departure, initiation (enters the dangerous world and gains a different perspective), road of trials (tests of strength and endurance), innermost cave (the hero is reborn physically, emotionally, or spiritually), return and reintegration with society (uses his new wisdom to restore order).  Steinbeck’s purpose in writing //Grapes of Wrath// was to portray that not all of migrant’s hardships were not caused by enviornmental forces, but also because of man’s inhumanity to man. Steinbeck all stresses that family unity and the power of fellowship are ways in which one can deal against man’s inhumanity against man.  **__Tom Joad’s call to Adventure:__** **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 160%; font-weight: normal;"> - [Lookie Ma. I’ve been all day an’ all night hidin’ alone. Guess who I been thinkin’ about? Casy! He talked a lot. Used ta bother me. But now I been thinkin’ what he said, an’ I can remember-all of it. Says one time he went out in the wilderess to find his own soul an’ he found’ he diddn’ have no soul that was his’n. says he foun’ he jus’ got a little piece of a great big soul. Says a wilderness ain’t no good, ‘cause his little piece of soul wasnt no good ‘less it was with th rest an’ was whole. Funny how i remember. Didn’ think I was ever listenin’. But I know a fella ain’t no good alone.] ... [I’ve been thinkin’ how it was in hat government camp, how our folks took a care of themselves, an’ if they was a fight they fixed it theirself; an’ they wasn’t no cops wagglin’ their guns, but they was better order than them cops ever give. I been a-wondering’ why we can’t do that all over. Throw out the cops that ain’t our people. All work together for our own thing-all farm our own lan’.] [Tom,] Ma repeated, [what you gonna do?] [What Casey done,] he said. [But they killed him]. [Yeah,] said Tom. [He didn’ duck quick enough. He wasn’ doing nothin’ against the law, Ma. I been thinkin’ a hell of a lot, thinkin’ about our people livin’ like pigs, an’ the good rich lan’ laying faloow, or maybe one fella with a million acres, while a hunderd thousan’ good farmers is starvin’. An’ I been wonderin’ if all our folks got together an’ yelled, like them fellas yelled, only a few of ‘em at the Hooper ranch.] ... [Then it don’ matter. Then I’ll be around’ in the dark. I’ll be ever’where-wherever you look. Wherever they’s a cop beatin’ up a guy, I’ll be there. If Casy knowed, why, I’ll be in the way guys yell when they’re mad an’- I’ll be in the way kids laugh when they’re hungry an’ they know supper’s ready. An’ when our folks eat the stuff they raise an’ live in the houses they build-why, I’ll be there.] (Steinbeck XXVII, 418-419). <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%; font-weight: normal;">At the beginning of //Grapes of Wrath//, Tom Joad (newly out of prison) only worries about the present moment. The future does not concern him because he is afraid of what it yet to come. After his journey to California (which can be seen as a biblical journey), Tom goes through a significant transformation as he becomes interested in the future. He begins meditating on Casy’s preachings that stated that to achieve wholeness one must help other human beings. To Tom this is a truth because he recalls all the hardships that he and his family suffered through on their journey to California. This realization calls Tom to adventure and he decides to stand up for the world’s injustices against his people. By including Tom’s call to adventure (an archetypal situation) Steinbeck achieves his purpose because it shows and adds more depth to the idea that even though man’s inhumanity to man exists, the power of fellowship will not go down without a fight. **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">Call to adventure: The hero is called to adventure.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> The Quest: when the actions, thoughts, and feelings of the character revolve around their search for something (this can be consciously or unconsciously). Usually quest for identity or vengeance.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">The Journey: Usually sends the hero in search of information or intellectual truth (combined with other situational archetypes). A common pattern is the depiction of travelers on a sea voyage, walking trip...etc in order to isolate them and use them as a microcosm of society.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">The Task: In order to save the day; the hero must identify himself so that he reassumes his rightful position. (The Hero usually performs some some nearly superhuman deed).

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> **__Archetypal Symbols (include polarities):__** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> - For example: Red (blood, sacrifice, passion), Yellow (enlightenment, wisdom), 4 (associated with life cycle, seasons, nature, elements), 3 (spiritual awareness, unity, light).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">Light vs. Darkness: Light depicts renewal, intellectual illumination, or hope. Darkness depicts despair, the unknown, ignorance
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">Water vs. Desert: Water is often depicted as a strong force; it is usually a symbol of cleansing. Desert is the complete opposite.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">Fire: Fire depicts light, life, knowledge, and rebirth.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">Colors and Numbers can also be symbols

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: normal;">“They found the likeliest path down and began tugging at the dead wood. And the small boys who had reached the top came sliding too till everyone but Piggy was busy. Most of the wood was so rotten that when they pilled, it broke up onto a shower of fragments and woodlice and decay; but some trunks came out in one piece.” ... “Life became a race with the fire and the boys scattered through the upper forest. To keep a clean flag of flame flying in the mountain was the immediate end and no one looked further.” (Golding II, 40).

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">The signal fire that burns on the mountain is an archetype that reinforces the theme of the novel. It represents life, in other words, it becomes the boys connection to civilization. In the beginning of the novel, the boys maintain the fire which shows that they want be be rescued and reintegrated into society. When the fire burns low it shows that they have lost the desire to be rescued. So in a way the fire serves as a measurement of the strength of the civilized instinct that remains on the island.